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The economy of Greece is the 45th largest in the world with a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of $238 billion per annum. It is also the 51st largest in the world by purchasing power parity, at $286 billion per annum. As of 2013, Greece is the thirteenth-largest economy in the 28-member European Union. Greece is ranked 38th and 44th in the world at $21,648 and $25,954 for nominal GDP per capita and purchasing power parity per capita respectively.〔 Greece is a developed country with an economy based on the service sector (81%) and industry (16%). Agriculture contributed 3.4% of the national economic output as estimated in 2012.〔 Important Greek industries include tourism and shipping. With 18 million international tourists in 2013, Greece was the 7th most visited country in the European Union and 16th in the world. The Greek Merchant Navy is the largest in the world, with Greek-owned vessels accounting for 15% of global deadweight tonnage as of 2013. The increased demand for international maritime transportation between Greece and Asia has resulted unprecedented investment in the shipping industry.〔() 〕 The country is a significant agricultural producer within the EU. Greece is a large economy in the Balkans and is a regional investor. Greece was the 2nd largest foreign investor of capital in Albania, the 3rd in Bulgaria, in the top-three in Romania and Serbia and the most important trading partner and largest foreign investor in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.〔 The Greek telecommunications company OTE has become a strong investor in former Yugoslavia and other Balkan countries. Greece is classified as an advanced, high-income economy, and was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The country joined what is now the European Union in 1981.〔 In 2001 Greece adopted the euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachmae per euro.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ecb.int/euro/intro/html/index.en.html )〕 Greece is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization, and was ranked 34th on the Ernst & Young’s Globalization Index 2011. The country's economy was devastated by World War II, but the high levels of economic growth that followed from 1950 to 1980 have been called the Greek economic miracle.〔 Since 2000, Greece saw high levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average, peaking at 5.9% in 2003 and 5.5% in 2006. The subsequent Great Recession and Greek government-debt crisis, a central focus of the wider European debt crisis, plunged the economy into a sharp downturn, with real GDP growth rates of −0.3% in 2008, −4.3% in 2009, −5.5% in 2010, −9.1% in 2011, −7.3% in 2012 and −3.2% in 2013. In 2011, the country's public debt reached €355 billion (170% of nominal GDP). After negotiating the biggest debt restructuring in history with the private sector, Greece reduced its sovereign debt burden to €280 billion (137% of GDP) in the first quarter of 2012. After 6 years of economic decline, Greece achieved a real GDP growth rate of 0.7% in 2014.〔〔 == History == The evolution of the Greek economy during the 19th century (a period that transformed a large part of the world because of the Industrial Revolution) has been little researched. Recent research from 2006 examines the gradual development of industry and further development of shipping in a predominantly agricultural economy, calculating an average rate of per capita GDP growth between 1833 and 1911 that was only slightly lower than that of the other Western European nations. Industrial activity, (including heavy industry like shipbuilding) was evident, mainly in Ermoupolis and Piraeus. Nonetheless, Greece faced economic hardships and defaulted on its external loans in 1826, 1843, 1860 and 1894.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Greek Odyssey: 1821–2201 )〕 Other studies support the above view on the general trends in the economy, providing comparative measures of standard of living. The per capita income (in purchasing power terms) of Greece was 65% that of France in 1850, 56% in 1890, 62% in 1938,〔Paul Bairoch, ''Europe's GNP 1800–1975'', ''Journal of European Economic History'', 5, pgs. 273–340 (1976)〕〔Angus Maddison, ''Monitoring the World Economy 1820–1992'', OECD (1995)〕 75% in 1980, 90% in 2007, 96.4% in 2008 and 97.9% in 2009.〔Eurostat, including updated data since 1980 and data released in April 2008〕 The country's post-World War II development has largely been connected with the Greek economic miracle. During that period, Greece saw growth rates second only to those of Japan, while ranking first in Europe in terms of GDP growth.〔 It is indicative that between 1960 and 1973 the Greek economy grew by an average of 7.7%, in contrast to 4.7% for the EU15 and 4.9% for the OECD.〔 Also during that period, exports grew by an average annual rate of 12.6%.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of Greece」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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